Abstract
The Esterification kinetics of acetic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a homogenous catalyst was studied with isothermal batch experiments at 50-60°C and at a different molar ratio of ethanol to acetic acid [EtOH/Ac]. Investigation of kinetics of the reaction indicated that the low of [EtOH/Ac] molar ratio is favored for esterification reaction, this is due to the reaction is catalyzed by acid. The maximum conversion, approximately 80% was obtained at 60°C for molar ratio of 10 EtOH/Ac. It was found that increasing temperature of the reaction, increases the rate constant and conversion at a certain mole ratio, that is due to the esterification is exothermic. Activity coefficients were calculated using UNIFAC program. Results showed deviation in activation energy in the non-ideal system of about 20% this is due to the polarities of water and ethanol compared to the non-polar ethyl acetate this dissimilarity leading to strong non- ideal behavior. The homogenous reaction has been described with simple power-law model. The chemical equilibrium combustion calculated form the kinetic model in agreement with the measured chemical equilibrium.
References
[2] Denbigh and Turner, 1984; “Chemical reactor theory”, An Introduction, Cambidge University Press.3rd.
[3] Hangx G., Kwant G., Maessen H., Markusse P., and Urseanu I., 2001, “Reaction Kinetics of the esterification acid towards ethyl acetate”, Technical report on the European Commission (INTINT) Deliverable 22.
[4] Ismail Kirbaslar, Baris Baykal and Umur Dramur,2001,”esterification of acetic acid with ethanol catalyzed by an acidic ion-exchange resin”, Turk J Engin environment sci 25,569-577.
[5] Kirk R.E. and D.F. Othmer, 1980 ; Encyclopedia of chem. Tech. 9,Wiley and Sons. Inc. New York.
[6] Levenspiel O., 1999; “ Chemical reaction engineering” 3rd ed.,John Wiley &Sons.
[7] Liu W.T., C.S.Tan, 2001,” Liquid phase esterification”, Ind.Eng.Chem. Res., 40,3281-3286.
[8] Majid S. Radhaa, Khalid A.Sukkar, Jamal M.Ali, Zaidoon,Shakoor, Niran. 2008,”Hydrodynamics, mass and heat transfer in reactive distillation”, Al-Khwarizmi, Eng.Journal ,Vol.4 ,No.2, 10-18.
[9] Maris Teresa Sanz, Jurgen Gmehling, 2006. “Esterification of acetic acid with isopropanol coupled with pervaporation part 1 (Kinetics and pervaporation studies)”, Chem. Eng. Journal, 123,1-8.
[10] Maurer G.,1986,“Vapor-liquid and chemical equilibrium of formaldehyde and water containing multicomponent mixture”, ALCHE journal ,Vol.32, No. 6, 932-948.
[11] Mazotti, M., Neri, B., Gelosa, D., Kruglov, A. and Morbidelli, M., 1997, ”Kinetics of liquid-phase esterification catalyzed by acidic resins”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 3-10.
[12] Neil E. Small, 2004; “Using activity for reaction kinetics” Chem. Eng.5 Engineering Analysis Project.
[13] Patricia D.,Maria T.S., Sagrario B.2007,”Kinetic study for esterification of lactic acid with ethanol and hydrolysis of ethyl lactate using an ion exchange resin catalyst”, Chem. Eng. Journal,126, 111-118.
[14] Popken T., Gotze L., and Gmehling, 2000, “reaction kinetics and chemical Equilibrium of homogeneously and heterogeneously catalyzed acetic acid esterification”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, 2601-2611.
[15] Robert Ronnbach Tapio Salmi, Antt V., Heikki H.Juha,Anna S. and Esko T.,1997 “development of kinetic model for the esterification in presence of homogeneous acid catalyst”, chemical engineering science vol 52, No 19, P 3369-3381.
[16] Roennback,R;Salmi,T., Vuori, Haario, H.,Lehtonen,Sundqvist,1997, “Development of kinetic model for the esterification in the presence of homogeneous acid catalyst”, Chem. Eng. Sci.,52, 3364.
[17] Tang, Y.T.,Huang,H.P., and Chain ,I.L.,2003, “Design of a complete EtAC reactive distillation system” , J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 36,1352-1363.
[18] V.Ragaini,C.L.Bianchi, C.Pirola, 2007, “Kinetic of esterification of diluted acetic acid with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol”, Chem.Eng.Journal, 131,257- 262.
[19] Xu,Z.P., Chuang,K.T., 1996, “kinetics of acetic acid esterification over ion exchange catalyst” ,Can.J.chem Eng. 74,493.
[20] Yadav, G.D. and Metha, P.H. 1994, ”Heterogeneous catalysis in esterification reaction”, In.Eng. Chem. Res .33, 2198-2208.
Copyright: Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.