Prediction of Creep-Fatigue Interaction Damage for Polyamide 6,6 Composites
Abstract
This paper aims to study the damage generated due to creep-fatigue interaction behaviors in solid polyamide 6,6 and its composites that include 1%wt of carbon nanotubes or 30% wt short carbon fiber prepared by an injection technique. The investigation also includes studying the influence of applied temperatures higher than the glass transition temperatures on mechanical properties. The obtained results showed that the addition of reinforcement materials increased all the mechanical properties, while the increase in test temperature reduced all mechanical properties, especially for polyamide 6,6. The creep-fatigue interaction resistance also improved due to the addition of reinforcement materials by increasing the theoretical damage value by 50% approximately, and the failure always happened through the rotating part of the creep-fatigue interaction test program. Using the Manson-Halford damage equation to estimate the damage generated in polyamide 6,6 and its composites gives unsafe design conditions.
Downloads
References
Orhan S. Abdullah, ‘Experimental study to the effect of natural particles added to unsaturated polyester resin of a polymer matrix composite’, Al-Khwarizmi engineering journal, Vol.13, No. 1, P.P. 42-49, 2017.
S. Rajesh Kumar, Dr.Mannan and V. Bakkiyaraj, ‘Development of thermo plastic gears for heavy duty applications using APDL’, International journal of trend research and development, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 304–309, 2016.
Ibtihal A. Mahmood, Wafa A. Soud, Orhan S. Abdullah, ‘Effects of different types of fillers on dry wear characteristics of carbon-epoxy composite’, Al-Khwarizmi engineering journal, Vol.9, No. 2, P.P. 85-93, 2013.
M. Eftekhari and A. Fatemi, ‘Tensile, creep and fatigue behaviours of short fibre reinforced polymer composites at elevated temperatures: A literature survey’, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1395–1418, 2015
S. Mortazavian and A. Fatemi, ‘Fatigue behavior and modeling of short fiber reinforced polymer composites including anisotropy and temperature effects’, Int. J. Fatigue, vol. 77, pp. 12–27, 2015.
Daniel D. Samborsky, John F. Mandell, and David A. Miller, ‘Creep/fatigue behavior of resin infused biaxial glass fabric laminate’, Alaa SDM Wind energy session, 2013.
Mahir H. Majeed, ‘Prediction of damage energy under creep-fatigue interaction in polymer matrix composite’, Journal of Kerbala University, vol. 11, no.3, pp. 119–126, 2013.
B. Vieille, W. Albouy, and L. Taleb, ‘about the creep-fatigue interaction on the fatigue behaviourof off-axis woven-ply thermoplastic laminates at temperatures higher than Tg, Composites Part B, vol. 58, pp. 478–486, 2014.
M. Eftekhari and A. Fatemi, ‘Creep-fatigue interaction and thermo-mechanical fatigue behaviors of thermoplastics and their composites’, Int. J. Fatigue, vol. 91, pp. 136–148, 2016.
A. Movahedi-Rad, T. Keller, and A. P. Vassilopoulos, ‘Creep-fatigue interaction in composite materials’, ECCM 2016 - Proceeding 17th Eur. Conf. Compos. Mater., no. June, pp. 26–30, 2016.
Y. Guo, D. Li, S. Zhu, and Y. Chen, ‘Interaction of low cycle fatigue and creep in biomass-filled plastic composites’, BioResources, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 3250–3258, 2018.
A. V. Movahedi-Rad, T. Keller, and A. P. Vassilopoulos, ‘Creep effects on tension-tension fatigue behavior of angle-ply GFRP composite laminates’, Int. J. Fatigue, vol. 123, pp. 144–156, 2019.
S. S. Manson and Gray Halford, ‘A method of estimation high temperature low cycle fatigue behavior of materials, In: Thermal and High Strain Fatigue’, Monograph and Report Series No. 32, Institute of Metals, London, pp. 154 – 170,
Miner, M.A. ‘Cumulative damage in fatigue’, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol.12, pp.159–164, 1945.
Robinson, E.L, ‘Effect of temperature variation on the long-time rupture strength of steel’, Trans. ASME, Vol. 74, pp. 777–781, 1952.
ASTM D 638 ‘Standard Test Method for tensile properties of plastics’, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA; 2009.
ASTM D 2990 ‘Standard Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics’, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA; 2009.
ASTM E-606 ‘Standard recommended practice for constant-amplitude fatigue test’, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA; 2006.
K. Noda, A. Takahara, and T. Kajiyama, ‘Fatigue failure mechanisms of short glass-fiber reinforced nylon 66 based on nonlinear dynamic viscoelastic measurement’, Polymer, Vol. 42, No. 13, pp.5803-5811, 2001.
Y. L. Li, M. Y. Shen, W. J. Chen, C. L. Chiang, and M. C. Yip, ‘Tensile creep study and mechanical properties of carbon fiber nano-composites’, J. Polym. Res., vol. 19, no. 7, 2012.
Z. Yao, D. Wu, C. Chen, and M. Zhang, ‘Creep behavior of polyurethane nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes’, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 50, pp. 65–72, 2013.
J. Bowman and B. Barker, ‘A methodology for describing creep-fatigue interactions in thermoplastic components’, Polymer engineering and science, Vol. 26, No. 22, pp.1582-1590, 1986.
(Received 26 February 2020; accepted 22 June 2020)
Copyright: Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
