How to Cite
Publication Dates
Abstract
Stereo lithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing process is a type of additive manufacturing techniques that uses digital models from computer-aided design to automatically produce customized 3D objects. Around 30 years, it has been widely utilized in the manufacturing, design, engineering, industrial sectors and its applications in dentistry for manufacturing prosthodontics are very important. The stereo lithography technology is highly regarded because it can produce items with excellent precision especially when selecting the best process parameters. This review article offers a useful and scientific summary of SLA three-dimensional printing technology and its brief history. The specific type of 3D printers which is SLA type based on light curing resin and material overview is also presented. Moreover, the survey was conducted to gain substantial knowledge of the various advantages and disadvantages of SLA 3D printing. According to this study, a summary has been specified on the accuracy of SLA 3D printers and various factors that affected its accuracy and dimension measurement namely layer thickness, normal exposure time, bottom or top exposure time, post processing and room temperature. The majority of works in the literatures conducted till date are on improving the physical part attributes like dimensional accuracy and surface roughness but the improving of the mechanical properties have received less attention and need more focusing in the future works.
References
Huang, J., Qin, Q., & Wang, J. (2020). A review of stereolithography: Processes and systems. Processes, 8(9), 1138.
Shaw, M. 3D Printing Technology: Its Applications and Scope in Fashion Industry. Man-Made Textiles in India, 7-10.
Nulty, A. B. (2021). 3D Printing Part 1: A History and Literature Review Of 3D Printing Technologies Used in Dentistry. Dentistry journal, 1-17.
Tian, Y., Chen, C., Xu, X., Wang, J., Hou, X., Li, K., & Jiang, H. B. (2021). A review of 3D printing in dentistry: Technologies, affecting factors, and applications. Scanning.
Swainson, W.K. Method, Medium and Apparatus for Producing Three-Dimensional Figure Product. U.S. Patent 4,041,476, 9 August 1977.
Herbert, A.J. Solid object generation. J. Appl. Photogr. Eng. 1982, 8, 185–188.
Hull, C.W. Apparatus for Production of Three-Dimensional Objects by Stereolithography. U.S. Patent Appl. 638,905, 1984.
Jawahar, A., & Maragathavalli, G. (2019). Applications of 3D printing in dentistry–a review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 11(5), 1670-1675.
Chen, S. G., Yang, J., Jia, Y. G., Lu, B., & Ren, L. (2019). TiO2 and PEEK reinforced 3D printing PMMA composite resin for dental denture base applications. Nanomaterials, 9(7), 1049.
Dawood, A., Marti, B. M., Sauret-Jackson, V., & Darwood, A. (2015). 3D printing in dentistry. British dental journal, 219(11), 521-529.
Nulty, A. B. (2021). 3D Printing Part 1-A History and Literature Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry.
Tumbleston, J.R.; Shirvanyants, D.; Ermoshkin, N.; Janusziewicz, R.; Johnson, A.R.; Kelly, D.; Chen, K.; Pinschmidt, R.; Rolland, J.P.; Ermoshkin, A.; et al. (2015). Continuous liquid interface production of 3D objects. Science, 347, 1349.
Quan, H., Zhang, T., Xu, H., Luo, S., Nie, J., & Zhu, X. (2020). Photo-curing 3D printing technique and its challenges. Bioactive materials, 5(1), 110-115.
Msallem, B., Sharma, N., Cao, S., Halbeisen, F. S., Zeilhofer, H. F., & Thieringer, F. M. (2020). Evaluation of the dimensional accuracy of 3D-printed anatomical mandibular models using FFF, SLA, SLS, MJ, and BJ printing technology. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(3), 817.
Kassem, T., Sarkar, T., Nguyen, T., Saha, D., & Ahsan, F. (2022). 3D Printing in Solid Dosage Forms and Organ-on-Chip Applications. Biosensors, 12(4), 186.
Corbel, S., Dufaud, O. and Roques-Carmes, T., 2011. Materials for stereolithography. Stereolithography: Materials, processes and applications, pp.141-159.
Ismail, I. J. (2015). An Evaluation of Some Mechanical Properties of Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resin with the Modified One after Changing the Curing Environment:(In vitro Study). Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, 27(4), 62-71.
Kadhim, A. A. J. (2016). Effect of Mouth Rinses on Surface Roughness of Two Methacrylate-Based and Siloraine-Based Composite Resins. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, 325(3765), 1-7.
Schmidleithner, C., & Kalaskar, D. M. (2018). Stereolithography. IntechOpen.
Pillai, S., Upadhyay, A., Khayambashi, P., Farooq, I., Sabri, H., Tarar, M., ... & Tran, S. D. (2021). Dental 3D-printing: transferring art from the laboratories to the clinics. Polymers, 13(1), 157.
da Costa, L. P. G., Zamalloa, S. I. D., Alves, F. A. M., Spigolon, R., Mano, L. Y., Costa, C., & Mazzo, A. (2021). 3D printers in dentistry: a review of additive manufacturing techniques and materials. Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry.
Sharma, S., Chauhan, A., & Narasimhulu, A. (2019). A Review of Recent Developments on Stereolithography. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol, 8, 180-185.
Zhou, J. G., Herscovici, D., & Chen, C. C. (2000). Parametric process optimization to improve the accuracy of rapid prototyped stereolithography parts. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 40(3), 363-379.
Cheng, W., Fuh, J. Y. H., Nee, A. Y. C., Wong, Y. S., Loh, H. T., & Miyazawa, T. (1995). Multi‐objective optimization of part‐building orientation in stereolithography. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 1(4), 12-23.
Chockalingam, K., Jawahar, N., & Chandrasekhar, U. (2006). Influence of layer thickness on mechanical properties in stereolithography. Rapid Prototyping Journal. vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 106–113, 2006.
Garcia-Garcia, D., Crespo-Amorós, J. E., Parres, F., & Samper, M. D. (2020). Influence of Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Time on Styrene-Ethylene-Butadiene-Styrene (SEBS) Copolymer. Polymers, 12(4), 862185-193..
Wang WL, Cheah CM, Fuh JYH, Lu L. (1996). Influence of process parameters on stereolithography part shrinkage. Materials & Design, 17, 205–13.
Huang, Y. M., & Lan, H. Y. (2006). Compensation of distortion in the bottom exposure of stereolithography process. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 27(11), 1101-1112.
Emami, M. M., Barazandeh, F., & Yaghmaie, F. (2014). Scanning-projection based stereolithography: Method and structure. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 218, 116-124.
[30] Park, G. S., Kim, S. K., Heo, S. J., Koak, J. Y., & Seo, D. G. (2019). Effects of printing parameters on the fit of implant-supported 3D printing resin prosthetics. Materials, 12(16), 2533.
Kowsari, K., Akbari, S., Wang, D., Fang, N. X., & Ge, Q. (2018). High-efficiency high-resolution multimaterial fabrication for digital light processing-based three-dimensional printing. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, 5(3),
Sharma, N., Cao, S., Msallem, B., Kunz, C., Brantner, P., Honigmann, P., & Thieringer, F. M. (2020). Effects of steam sterilization on 3D printed biocompatible resin materials for surgical guides—An accuracy assessment study. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(5), 1506.
McCarty, M. C., Chen, S. J., English, J. D., & Kasper, F. (2020). Effect of print orientation and duration of ultraviolet curing on the dimensional accuracy of a 3-dimensionally printed orthodontic clear aligner design. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 158(6), 889-897.
[34] Khorasani, E. R., & Baseri, H. (2013). Determination of optimum SLA process parameters of H-shaped parts. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 27(3), 857-863.
Jayanthi, S., Keefe, M., & Gargiulo, E. P. (1994). Studies in stereolithography: influence of process parameters on curl distortion in photopolymer models. In 1994 International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium.
Schaub, D. A., Chu, K. R., & Montgomery, D. C. (1997). Optimizing stereolithography throughput. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 16(4), 290-303.
S.O.Onuh and K.K.B.Hon, "Optimising build parameters for improved surface finish in stereolithography" Internatioanal Journal of Mach. Tools Manufact., Vol 38, No.4, pp 329-342, 1998.
Lee, S. H., Park, W. S., Cho, H. S., Zhang, W. L. M. C., & Leu, M. C. (2001). A neural network approach to the modelling and analysis of stereolithography processes. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 215(12), 1719-1733.
Chockalingam, K., Jawahar, N., & Vijaybabu, E. R. (2003, October). Optimization of process parameters in stereolithography using genetic algorithm. In Smart Materials, Structures, and Systems (Vol. 5062, pp. 417-424). SPIE.
Chockalingam, K., Jawahar, N., Ramanathan, K. N., & Banerjee, P. S. (2006). Optimization of stereolithography process parameters for part strength using design of experiments. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 29(1), 79-88.
Campanelli, S. L., Cardano, G., Giannoccaro, R., Ludovico, A. D., & Bohez, E. L. (2007). Statistical analysis of the stereolithographic process to improve the accuracy. Computer-Aided Design, 39(1), 80-86.
Chockalingam, K., Jawahar, N., Chandrasekar, U., & Ramanathan, K. N. (2008). Establishment of process model for part strength in stereolithography. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 208(1-3), 348-365.
B. S. Raju, U. Chandrashekar, D. N. Drakshayani and K. Chockalingam, Determining the influence of layer thickness for rapid prototyping with stereolithography (SLA) process, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2 (7) (2010) 3199-3205.
Xu, G. S., Yang, G., & Gong, J. (2012). Optimizing Build Parameters for Integral Stereolithography System. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 424, pp. 52-55). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Khorasani, E. R., & Baseri, H. (2013). Determination of optimum SLA process parameters of H-shaped parts. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 27(3), 857-863.
Rahmati, S., & Ghadami, F. (2014). Process Parameters optimization to improve dimensional accuracy of stereolithography parts. Int J Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology, 7(1), 59-65.
Raju, B. S., Sekhar, U. C., & Drakshayani, D. N. (2014). Optimizing multiple quality characteristics of stereolithography process via Taguchi method-based grey analysis for SL5530 epoxy resin material to enhance part quality. Procedia materials science, 5, 2532-2541.
Loflin, W. A., English, J. D., Borders, C., Harris, L. M., Moon, A., Holland, J. N., & Kasper, F. K. (2019). Effect of print layer height on the assessment of 3D-printed models. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 156(2), 283-289.
Munprom, R., & Limtasiri, S. (2019). Optimization of stereolithographic 3D printing parameters using Taguchi method for improvement in mechanical properties. Materials Today: Proceedings, 17, 1768-1773.
Cekic, A., Begic-Hajdarevic, D., Cohodar, M., Muhamedagic, K., & Osmanlic, M. (2019). Optimization of stereolithography and fused deposition modeling process parameters. Annals of DAAAM & Proceedings, 30.
Khodaii, J., & Rahimi, A. (2020). Improving the surface roughness in stereolithography by controlling surface angle, hatch spaces, and postcuring time. Engineering Reports, 2(6), e12193.
Katheng, A., Kanazawa, M., Iwaki, M., & Minakuchi, S. (2021). Evaluation of dimensional accuracy and degree of polymerization of stereolithography photopolymer resin under different postpolymerization conditions: an in vitro study. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 125(4), 695-702.
Borra, N. D., & Neigapula, V. S. N. (2022). Parametric optimization for dimensional correctness of 3D printed part using masked stereolithography: Taguchi method. Rapid Prototyping Journal, (ahead-of-print).
Dhanunjayarao, B. N., & Naidu, N. S. (2022). Assessment of dimensional accuracy of 3D printed part using resin 3D printing technique. Materials Today: Proceedings, 59, 1608-1614.
Copyright: Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.