Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution onto Sawdust Activated Carbon
pdf

How to Cite

Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution onto Sawdust Activated Carbon. (2019). Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, 15(3), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2019.04.001

Publication Dates

Abstract

In this study, sawdust as a cheap method and abundant raw material was utilized to produce active carbon (SDAC). Physiochemical activation was utilized where potassium hydroxide   used as a chemical activating agent and carbon dioxide was used as a physical activating agent. Taguchi method of experimental design was used to find the optimum conditions of SDAC production. The produced SDAC was characterized using SEM to investigate surface morphology and BET to estimate the specific surface area. SDAC was used in aqueous lead ions adsorption. Adsorption process was modeled statistically and represented by an empirical model. The highest specific surface area of SDAC was 688.3 m2/gm. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to fit the adsorption process, where equilibrium data was best represented by Langmuir isotherm model.  Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations were used to study adsorption kinetics, lead adsorption on SDAC fitted pseudo- second order more adequately. Best removal efficiency was found to be 99.63% with highest adsorption capacity of 19.92 mg/g.

 

pdf

References

Q. Dai, L. Ma, N. Ren, P. Ning, and Z. G. Longgui, “Research on the variations of organics and heavy metals in municipal sludge with additive acetic acid and modified phosphogypsum,” Water Res., vol. 155, no. 15 May 2015, pp. 42–55, 2019.

A. Choinska-Pulit, J. Sobolczyk-bednarek, and L. Wojciech, “Optimization of copper , lead and cadmium biosorption onto newly isolated bacterium using a Box-Behnken design,” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., vol. 149, pp. 275–283, 2018.

G. A. Adebisi and P. A. Alaba, “Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies of Lead ion and Zinc ion Adsorption from Aqueous Solution onto Activated Carbon Prepared From Palm Oil Mill Effluent,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 148, pp. 958–968, 2017.

J. Pallarés, A. González-Cencerrado, and I. Arauzo, “Production and characterization of activated carbon from barley straw by physical activation with carbon dioxide and steam,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 115, no. January, pp. 64–73, 2018.

L. Massart and B. Vandeginste, Chemometrics and qualimetrics in chemical engineering. Newyork, NY: Princeton press, 1991.

I. Langmuir, “The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids.,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 182, pp. 2221–2295, 1916.

H. Freundlich, “Capillary anf colloid chemistry. By Prof. H. Freundlich. Translated by H. Stafford Hatfield.,” J. Phys. Chem, vol. 57, pp. 385–470, 1925.

Y.-S. Ho, “Citation review of Lagergren kinetic rate equation on adsorption reactions,” Scientometrics, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 171–177, 2004.

H. P. Boehm, “Some aspects of the surface chemistry of carbon blacks and other carbons,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 759–769, 1994.

S. Mopoung, P. Moonsri, W. Palas, and S. Khumpai, “Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe ( III ) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution,” Sci. World J., vol. 2015, pp. 150–159, 2015.

A. Borhan, M. F. Taha, and A. A. Hamzah, “Characterization of Activated Carbon from Wood Sawdust Prepared via Chemical Activation using Potassium Hydroxide,” Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 832, pp. 132–137, 2014.

T. C. Chandra, M. M. Mirna, Y. Sudaryanto, and S. Ismadji, “Adsorption of basic dye onto activated carbon prepared from durian shell: Studies of adsorption equilibrium and kinetics,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 127, no. 1–3, pp. 121–129, 2007.

A. Nayak, B. Bhushan, V. Gupta, and P. Sharma, “Chemically activated carbon from lignocellulosic wastes for heavy metal waste-water remediation: effect of activation conditions.,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 493, pp. 228–240, 2017.

M. Danish, R. Hashim, M. N. M. Ibrahim, and O. Sulaiman, “Optimized preparation for large surface area activated carbon from date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) stone biomass,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 61, no. 320, pp. 167–178, 2014.

Y. Sudaryanto, S. B. Hartono, W. Irawaty, H. Hindarso, and S. Ismadji, “High surface area activated carbon prepared from cassava peel by chemical activation,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 97, no. March 2005, pp. 734–739, 2006.

S. Norouzi et al., “Preparation, characterization and Cr(VI) adsorption evaluation of NaOH-activated carbon produced from Date Press Cake; an agro-industrial waste,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 258, no. Vi, pp. 48–56, 2018.

A. H. M. G. Hyder, S. A. Begum, and N. O. Egiebor, “Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies of hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution onto bone char,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1329–1336, 2014.

I. Ullah, R. Nadeem, M. Iqbal, and Q. Manzoor, “Biosorption of chromium onto native and immobilized sugarcane bagasse waste biomass,” Ecol. Eng., vol. 60, pp. 99–107, 2013.

E. Igberase, A. Ofomaja, and P. O. Osifo, “Enhanced heavy metal ions adsorption by 4’aminobenzoic acid grafted on chitosan/epichlorohydrin composite: Kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and desorption studies,” Int. J. Biol. Macromol., vol. 123, pp. 664–676, 2018.

M. Trang, T. Duc, V. Tu, and M. Khai, “Removal and recovery of lead from wastewater using an integrated system of adsorption and crystallization,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 213, pp. 1204–1216, 2019.

M. Imamoglu and O. Tekir, “Removal of copper (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on activated carbon from a new precursor hazelnut husks,” Desalination, vol. 228, pp. 108–113, 2008.

P. Miretzky, C. Munoz, and A. Carrillo-chavez, “Experimental binding of lead to a low cost on biosorbent: Nopal (Opuntia streptacantha),” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 99, pp. 1211–1217, 2008.

M. H. Al-malack and A. A. Basaleh, “Adsorption of heavy metals using activated carbon produced from municipal organic solid waste organic solid waste,” Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 57, no. 51, pp. 24519–24531, 2016.

Q. Shi, A. Terracciano, Y. Zhao, C. Wei, C. Christodoulatos, and X. Meng, “Evaluation of metal oxides and activated carbon for lead removal : Kinetics , isotherms , column tests , and the role of co-existing ions,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 648, pp. 176–183, 2019.

S. Chen, J. Zhang, C. Zhang, Q. Yue, Y. Li, and C. Li, “Equilibrium and kinetic studies of methyl orange and methyl violet adsorption on activated carbon derived from Phragmites australis,” Desalination, vol. 252, no. 1–3, pp. 149–156, 2010.

J. Acharya, J. Sahu, C. Mohanty, and B. Meikap, “Removal of lead ( II ) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood by zinc chloride activation,” Chem. Eng. J. J., vol. 149, pp. 249–262, 2009.

A. H. Sulaymon, A. A. Mohammed, and T. J. Al-musawi, “Competitive biosorption of lead , cadmium , copper , and arsenic ions using algae,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 3011–3023, 2013.

K. G. Sreejalekshmi, K. A. Krishnan, and T. S. Anirudhan, “Adsorption of Pb ( II ) and Pb ( II ) -citric acid on sawdust activated carbon : Kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies,” J. Hazard. Mater. J., vol. 161, pp. 1506–1513, 2009.

F. Cao, C. Lian, J. Yu, H. Yang, and S. Lin, “Study on the adsorption performance and competitive mechanism for heavy metal contaminants removal using novel multi-pore activated carbons derived from recyclable long-root Eichhornia crassipes,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 267, pp. 211–218, 2019.

M. Ghasemi, M. Naushad, N. Ghasemi, and Y. Khosravi-fard, “A novel agricultural waste based adsorbent for the removal of Pb ( II ) from aqueous solution : Kinetics , equilibrium and thermodynamic studies,” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 454–461, 2014.

Copyright: Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.