How to Cite
Publication Dates
Abstract
This study used a continuous photo-Fenton-like method to remediate textile effluent containing azo dyes especially direct blue 15 dye (DB15). A Eucalyptus leaf extract was used to create iron/copper nanoparticles supported on bentonite for use as catalysts (E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs). Two fixed-bed configurations were studied and compared. The first one involved mixing granular bentonite with E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs (GB- E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs), and the other examined the mixing of E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs with glass beads (glass beads-E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs) and filled to the fixed-bed column. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, and atomic forces spectroscopy (AFM) techniques were used to characterize the obtained particles (NPs). The effect of flow rate and DB15 concentration on the photo-Fenton-like degradation of DB15 in continuous fixed-bed systems was investigated. To optimize both studied systems, the response surface methodology using the central composite design (CCD) was used. The analysis shows that the removal efficiency for GB-E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs was 81% and for glass beads-E@B-Fe/NPs was 62.6%.
References
Q. Zhao, J. F. Kennedy, X. Wang, X. Yuan, and B. Zhao, “Optimization of ultrasonic circulating extraction of polysaccharides from Asparagus officinalis using response surface methodology,” Int. J. Biol. Macromol., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 181–187, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.012.
H. Xiang et al., “Fe3 o4 @c nanoparticles synthesized by in situ solid-phase method for removal of methylene blue,” Nanomaterials, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1–20, 2021, doi: 10.3390/nano11020330.
A. Sengupta and A. Sarkar, Chapter 15 - Green synthesis of nanoparticles: prospect for sustainable efficient photocatalytic dye degradation, First Edit. Elsevier Ltd., 2021.
A. M. Tayeb, M. A. Tony, and S. A. Mansour, “Application of Box–Behnken factorial design for parameters optimization of basic dye removal using nano-hematite photo-Fenton tool,” Appl. Water Sci., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1–9, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s13201-018-0783-x.
S. Hu, H. Yao, K. Wang, C. Lu, and Y. Wu, “Intensify removal of nitrobenzene from aqueous solution using nano-zero valent iron/granular activated carbon composite as fenton-like catalyst,” Water. Air. Soil Pollut., vol. 226, no. 5, 2015, doi: 10.1007/s11270-015-2421-7.
F. Torrades, J. A. García-Hortal, and L. Núñez, “Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidation of a model mixture of dyes - Overall kinetic analysis,” Color. Technol., vol. 124, no. 6, pp. 370–374, 2008, doi: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2008.00165.x.
Y. Gou et al., “Degradation of fluoroquinolones in homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes: A review,” Chemosphere, vol. 270, p. 129481, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129481.
R. Yamaguchi, S. Kurosu, and M. Suzuki, “Hydroxyl radical generation by zero-valent iron/Cu (ZVI/Cu) bimetallic catalyst in wastewater treatment: Heterogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like reactions by Fenton reagents formed in-situ under oxic conditions,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 334, pp. 1537–1549, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.154.
K. M. Reza, A. Kurny, and F. Gulshan, “Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by Magnetite+H2O2+UV Process,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 325–329, 2016, doi: 10.7763/ijesd.2016.v7.793.
C. H. Weng, Y. T. Lin, C. K. Chang, and N. Liu, “Decolourization of direct blue 15 by Fenton/ultrasonic process using a zero-valent iron aggregate catalyst,” Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 970–977, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.09.014.
M. A. Atiya, A. K. Hassan, and F. Q. Kadhim, “Green synthesis of iron nanoparticle using tea leave extract for removal ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous medium,” J. Eng. Sci. Technol., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 3199–3221, 2021.
I. M. Luaibi, M. A. Atiya, A. K. Hassan, and Z. A. Mahmoud, “Heterogeneous catalytic degradation of dye by Fenton-like oxidation over a continuous system based on Box–Behnken design and traditional batch experiments,” Karbala Int. J. Mod. Sci., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 9–28, 2022, doi: 10.33640/2405-609x.3217.
T. Bao et al., “Bentonite-supported nano zero-valent iron composite as a green catalyst for bisphenol A degradation: Preparation, performance, and mechanism of action,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 260, no. January, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110105.
G. Gopal, H. Sankar, C. Natarajan, and A. Mukherjee, “Tetracycline removal using green synthesized bimetallic nZVI-Cu and bentonite supported green nZVI-Cu nanocomposite: A comparative study,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 254, no. June 2019, p. 109812, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109812.
X. Weng, Z. Chen, Z. Chen, M. Megharaj, and R. Naidu, “Clay supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles used for reductive degradation of amoxicillin in aqueous solution: Characterization and kinetics,” Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., vol. 443, pp. 404–409, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.11.047.
E. S. Önal, T. Yatkin, M. Ergüt, and A. Özer, “Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles by Aqueous Extract of Eriobotrya japonica Leaves as a Heterogeneous Fenton-like Catalyst: Degradation of Basic Red 46,” Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 327–333, 2017, doi: 10.18178/ijcea.2017.8.5.678.
Z. Wang, C. Fang, and M. Megharaj, “Characterization of iron-polyphenol nanoparticles synthesized by three plant extracts and their fenton oxidation of azo dye,” ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1022–1025, 2014, doi:10.1021/sc500021n.
H. M. Abdel-Aziz, R. S. Farag, and S. A. Abdel-Gawad, “Removal of caffeine from aqueous solution by green approach using Ficus Benjamina zero-valent iron/copper nanoparticles,” Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., vol. 38, no. 9–10, pp. 325–343, 2020, doi:10.1177/0263617420947495.
G. Ren et al., “Recent advances of photocatalytic application in water treatment: A review,” Nanomaterials, vol. 11, no. 7, 2021, doi: 10.3390/nano11071804.
T. Mohapatra, V. Kumar, M. Sharma, and P. Ghosh, “Hybrid Fenton Oxidation Processes with Packed Bed or Fluidized Bed Reactor for the Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater: A Review,” Environ. Eng. Sci., vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 443–457, 2021, doi: 10.1089/ees.2020.0070.
R. Antonelli, G. R. P. Malpass, M. G. C. da Silva, and M. G. A. Vieira, “Fixed-bed adsorption of ciprofloxacin onto bentonite clay: Characterization, mathematical modeling, and DFT-based calculations,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 4030–4040, 2021, doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05700.
M. A. Atiya, A. K. Hassan, and I. M. Luaibi, “Green Synthesis Of Bimetallic Iron / Copper Nanoparticles Using Ficus Leaves Extract For Removing Orange G ( OG ) Dye From Aqueous Medium,” Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol., 2022.
Y. Süzen and C. Ozmetin, “Removal of reactive black 5 dye using fenton oxidation from aqueous solutions and optimization of response surface methodology,” Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 172, no. October 2018, pp. 106–114, 2019, doi:10.5004/dwt.2019.24943.
M. R. Sabouri, M. R. Sohrabi, and A. Z. Moghaddam, “A Novel and Efficient Dyes Degradation Using Bentonite Supported Zero-Valent Iron-Based Nanocomposites,” ChemistrySelect, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 369–378, 2020, doi: 10.1002/slct.201904174.
S. C. Azimi, F. Shirini, and A. Pendashteh, “Treatment of wood industry wastewater by combined coagulation–flocculation–decantation and fenton process,” Water Environ. Res., vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 433–444, 2021, doi: 10.1002/wer.1441.
D. Solomon, Z. Kiflie, and S. Van Hulle, “Using Box–Behnken experimental design to optimize the degradation of Basic Blue 41 dye by Fenton reaction,” Int. J. Ind. Chem., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 43–53, 2020, doi:10.1007/s40090-020-00201-5.
D. Charumathi and N. Das, “Packed bed column studies for the removal of synthetic dyes from textile wastewater using immobilised dead C. tropicalis,” Desalination, vol. 285, pp. 22–30, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.023.
S. S. Madan, B. S. De, and K. L. Wasewar, “Adsorption performance of packed bed column for benzylformic acid removal using CaO2 nanoparticles,” Chem. Data Collect., vol. 23, p. 100267, 2019, doi:10.1016/j.cdc.2019.100267.
V. Parimelazhagan, G. Jeppu, and N. Rampal, “Continuous fixed-bed column studies on congo red dye adsorption-desorption using free and immobilized nelumbo nucifera leaf adsorbent,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.3390/polym14010054.
M. Tamez Uddin, M. Rukanuzzaman, M. Maksudur Rahman Khan, and M. Akhtarul Islam, “Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by jackfruit (Artocarpus heteropyllus) leaf powder: A fixed-bed column study,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 90, no. 11, pp. 3443–3450, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.030.
K. Sravanthi, D. Ayodhya, and P. Y. Swamy, “Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of 4-nitrophenol reduction and formation of benzimidazoles using bentonite supported zero valent iron nanoparticles,” Mater. Sci. Energy Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 298–307, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.mset.2019.02.003.
X. Weng, M. Guo, F. Luo, and Z. Chen, “One-step green synthesis of bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles by eucalyptus leaf extract: Biomolecules identification, characterization and catalytic activity,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 308, pp. 904–911, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.134.
M. J. Khan, K. Shameli, A. Q. Sazili, J. Selamat, and S. Kumari, “Rapid green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles arbitrated by curcumin in an alkaline medium,” Molecules, vol. 24, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.3390/molecules24040719.
S. Raja, V. Ramesh, and V. Thivaharan, “Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Calliandra haematocephala leaf extract, their antibacterial activity and hydrogen peroxide sensing capability,” Arab. J. Chem., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 253–261, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.023.
M. Solís-López, A. Durán-Moreno, F. Rigas, A. A. Morales, M. Navarrete, and R. M. Ramírez-Zamora, “Assessment of Copper Slag as a Sustainable Fenton-Type Photocatalyst for Water Disinfection,” Water Reclam. Sustain., pp. 199–227, 2014, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-411645-0.00009-2.
M. H. Marzbali and M. Esmaieli, “Fixed bed adsorption of tetracycline on a mesoporous activated carbon: Experimental study and neuro-fuzzy modeling,” J. Appl. Res. Technol., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 454–463, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jart.2017.05.003.
F. Farzaneh Kondori, K. Badii, M. E. Masoumi, and G. Golkarnarenji, “A novel continuous magnetic nano-Fe3O4/perlite fixed bed reactor for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of dyes: reactor structure,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 543–550, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s13762-017-1420-1.
Copyright: Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.