Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna topologies in wireless communication systems can increase channel capacity and dependability. The use of millimeter (mm)-wave frequency bands in conjunction with other technologies is a substantial step in achieving high data rates for sophisticated AI and multimedia devices. However, transmitting mm wave frequency signals presents challenges such as fading, time delay, propagation and scattering loss. Therefore, optimising propagation parameters is critical to improving performance. This paper examines the influence models for path loss (PL): ABG and CI on the design and analysis of a 4×4 MIMO W-OFDM system employing 16-QAM modulation technique for 5G wireless communication. This paper examines the system using the CI and ABG PL models to assess PL in dB, normal distribution and standard deviation. This paper uses 16-QAM digital modulation, and the simulation results show that the CI PL model-based MIMO W-OFDM system is very robust and successful in signal recovery.
References
[1] J. G. Andrews, F. Baccelli, and R. K. Ganti, "A tractable approach to coverage and rate in cellular networks," IEEE Transactions on communications, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 3122-3134, 2011.
[2] M. Di Renzo, C. Merola, A. Guidotti, F. Santucci, and G. E. Corazza, "Error performance of multi-antenna receivers in a Poisson field of interferers: A stochastic geometry approach," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2025-2047, 2013.
[3] M. Di Renzo, A. Guidotti, and G. E. Corazza, "Average rate of downlink heterogeneous cellular networks over generalized fading channels: A stochastic geometry approach," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3050-3071, 2013.
[4] M. Di Renzo and W. Lu, "The equivalent-in-distribution (EiD)-based approach: On the analysis of cellular networks using stochastic geometry," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 761-764, 2014.
[5] M. H. Mahmud, K. Khaleduzzaman, S. Sarker, and L. C. Paul, "Effect of Path Loss Models on Performance of 5G Compatible MIMO WINDOW-OFDM Systems," in 2020 International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (ICSTCEE), 2020: IEEE, pp. 257-262.
[6] F. Di Stasio, M. Mondin, and F. Daneshgaran, "Multirate 5G downlink performance comparison for f-OFDM and w-OFDM schemes with different numerologies," in 2018 international symposium on networks, computers and communications (ISNCC), 2018: IEEE, pp. 1-6.
[7] J. Park, H.-B. Jeon, J. Cho, and C.-B. Chae, "Measurement-based Close-in Path Loss Modeling with Diffraction for Rural Long-distance Communications," IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2023.
[8] M. K. Elmezughi and T. J. Afullo, "Investigations into the effect of high-ordering the log-distance dependency of path loss models for indoor wireless channels," International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2022.
[9] M. Di Renzo, "Stochastic geometry modeling and analysis of multi-tier millimeter wave cellular networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 5038-5057, 2015.
[10] T. S. Rappaport, S. Sun, and M. Shafi, "5G channel model with improved accuracy and efficiency in mmWave bands," IEEE 5G Tech Focus, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2017.
[11] S. Sun et al., "Investigation of prediction accuracy, sensitivity, and parameter stability of large-scale propagation path loss models for 5G wireless communications," IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 2843-2860, 2016.
[12] L. Lu, G. Y. Li, A. L. Swindlehurst, A. Ashikhmin and R. Zhang, "An Overview of Massive MIMO: Benefits and Challenges," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 742-758, Oct. 2014.
[13] [13] N. A. Muhammad, P. Wang, Y. Li, and B. Vucetic, "Analytical model for outdoor millimeter wave channels using geometry-based stochastic approach," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 912-926, 2016.
[14] [14] A. A. Budalal and M. R. Islam, "Path loss models for outdoor environment—with a focus on rain attenuation impact on short-range millimeter-wave links," e-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, vol. 3, p. 100106, 2023.
[15] [15] S. F. Nawaf, "Channel Capacity Improvement of MIMO Communication Systems using Different Techniques," Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 36-41, 2018
[16] J. Lu, and H. b. Zhu, "Stochastic multiple‐input multiple‐output channel model based on singular value decomposition," IET Communications, vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 1852-1856, 2015.
[17] O. O. Erunkulu, A. M. Zungeru, C. K. Lebekwe, and J. M. Chuma, "Cellular communications coverage prediction techniques: A survey and comparison," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 113052-113077, 2020.
[18] W. Lu and M. Di Renzo, "Stochastic geometry modeling and system-level analysis & optimization of relay-aided downlink cellular networks," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 4063-4085, 2015.
[19] T. Bai, R. Vaze, and R. W. Heath, "Analysis of blockage effects on urban cellular networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 5070-5083, 2014.
[20] S. Sun, G. R. MacCartney, and T. S. Rappaport, "A novel millimeter-wave channel simulator and applications for 5G wireless communications," in 2017 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), 2017: IEEE, pp. 1-7.
[21] M. J. da Silva, D. C. Begazo, and D. Z. Rodríguez, "Evaluation of speech quality degradation due to atmospheric phenomena," in 2019 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), 2019: IEEE, pp. 1-6.
[22] L. F. Abdulameer, U. Sripati, and M. Kulkarni, "BER Performance Improvement of Dual Chaotic Maps Based on STBC Communication System," Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 32-44, 2022.
[23] M. Shafi et al., "Microwave vs. millimeter-wave propagation channels: Key differences and impact on 5G cellular systems," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 14-20, 2018.
[24] A. A. H. Budalal, M. R. Islam, K. Abdullah, and T. A. Rahman, "Modification of distance factor in rain attenuation prediction for short-range millimeter-wave links," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1027-1031, 2020.
[25] Z. A. Shamsan, "Rainfall and diffraction modeling for millimeter-wave wireless fixed systems," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 212961-212978, 2020.
[26] A. A. Budalal, I. M. Rafiqul, M. H. Habaebi, and T. A. Rahman, "The effects of rain fade on millimetre wave channel in tropical climate," Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 653-664, 2019.
[27] I. Shayea, T. Abd. Rahman, M. Hadri Azmi, and A. Arsad, "Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions," Transactions on emerging telecommunications technologies, vol. 29, no. 8, p. e3450, 2018.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal